A wide variety of agricultural uses (>100 different crops) including vegetables, tree fruits, grapes, other fruits, tree nuts, beans, potatoes, corn, wheat, oats, barley, cotton, rice, other cereal grains, and other crops. Landcape uses include trees and landscape plantings. Other uses include nursery uses and non-crop uses, including mosquito uses.
Persistence may be occasionally prolonged inside plants. A half-life value of 114 days in plants is recorded by Lewis and Tzilivakis (2017) from a study of residues in stored corn, however this appeared to be an outlier compared with other data on malathion.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2021. ECOTOX User Guide: ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase System. Version 5.3. Available: http:/www.epa.gov/ecotox/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. Malathion: Human Health Draft Risk Assessment for Registration Review. 258 pp. Also, Abo‐El‐Seoud, A. M., and A. Shams‐El‐Din. 1996. Ascending and descending translocation of 14C‐malathion in plant‐soil ecosystem. International Journal of Environmental Studies 49(3):219-226.
Lewis, K.A., J. Tzilivakis, D. Warner, and A. Green. 2016. An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 22(4):1050-1064. . Also, Lewis, K., and J. Tzilivakis. 2017. Development of a data set of pesticide dissipation rates in/on various plant matrices for the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB). Data 2(3):28.